Public-data-first · API-first

Data sources

The GII-US source inventory: the six-tier source hierarchy, the API-first retrieval standard, and structured profiles for the authoritative decision, authority, and outcome sources — mapped to the decision origins, impact domains, and identifier systems they feed.

24Source profiles
19/24Documented APIsAPI-first: the most structured, official interface a source offers wins.
6Evidence tiers
9/9Origins covered

Government publications establish legal and administrative facts; official statistics and audited datasets establish outcomes; peer-reviewed methods estimate counterfactual effects. Commercial data may supplement, but a member of the public must be able to audit every headline claim from public sources. Each dataset carries a structured source profile.

Inventory rendered live from @gii/sources — 24 profiles.

Coverage. The inventory supplies at least one source for every identifier system 12/12, impact domain 6/6, and decision origin 9/9 — complete true.
evidence hierarchy

Profiles by evidence tier

The hierarchy is a rule about what may establish what: journalism can surface a decision but never establishes the controlling text or the causal estimate.

  • official statistics1563%
  • authoritative decision938%

24 profiles in total · The hierarchy

domain reach

Profiles feeding each impact domain

A source usually feeds more than one domain, so these sum past the inventory size. A domain with thin coverage is a domain whose outcomes are hard to observe.

People & households8
U.S. economy7
Public entities5
Nonprofits & civil society2
International trade3
Private enterprise5

30 profile-domain links in total · The inventory

Source hierarchy#

TierRole
1. authoritative decisionAuthoritative government decision records.
2. official statisticsOfficial statistics and administrative data.
3. peer evaluationReproducible peer-reviewed or independent evaluations.
4. audited third partyAudited third-party and sector data.
5. commercialOptional commercial datasets with disclosed restrictions.
6. journalism stakeholderJournalism, stakeholder statements, and advocacy — for discovery, context, or claims requiring verification.

News coverage never establishes the controlling legal text or the causal estimate; stakeholder data keep the publisher, incentives, methods, sample, and limitations visible.

Source profiles#

Each authoritative decision, authority, or outcome source, and what it feeds into the pipeline:

SourceTierFeedsAccess
Congress.gov API
Library of Congress
authoritative decisionLEG-CONGdocumented api · registration key
GovInfo API and bulk data
U.S. Government Publishing Office
authoritative decisionLEG-CONG, JUD-SCOTUS, JUD-COA, JUD-DISTdocumented api · registration key
Federal Register API
Office of the Federal Register (NARA) / GPO
authoritative decisionEXE-PRES, EXE-AGYdocumented api · no key
Regulations.gov API
U.S. General Services Administration
authoritative decisionEXE-AGY, IND-REGdocumented api · api key
eCFR API
Office of the Federal Register / GPO
authoritative decisionEXE-AGYdocumented api · no key
vintage-sensitive
RegInfo.gov / Unified Agenda
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OMB) / GSA
authoritative decisionEXE-AGY, IND-REGofficial bulk · no key
Supreme Court opinions & orders (U.S. Reports)
Supreme Court of the United States / GPO (U.S. Reports)
authoritative decisionJUD-SCOTUSofficial bulk · no key
vintage-sensitive
CourtListener REST API
Free Law Project (nonprofit)
authoritative decisionJUD-SCOTUS, JUD-COA, JUD-DISTdocumented api · token
Federal Reserve (FOMC & data)
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
authoritative decisionFED-MON, us_economystructured feed · registration key
vintage-sensitive
Congressional Budget Office
Congressional Budget Office
official statisticsLEG-CONG, us_economyofficial bulk · no key
vintage-sensitive
Bureau of Labor Statistics Public Data API
Bureau of Labor Statistics
official statisticspeople_households, us_economy, private_enterprisedocumented api · registration key
vintage-sensitive
Bureau of Economic Analysis Data API
Bureau of Economic Analysis
official statisticsus_economy, international_tradedocumented api · registration key
vintage-sensitive
Census Bureau APIs
U.S. Census Bureau
official statisticspeople_households, private_enterprise, international_tradedocumented api · registration key
vintage-sensitive
Treasury Fiscal Data API
U.S. Department of the Treasury (Bureau of the Fiscal Service)
official statisticsus_economy, public_entitiesdocumented api · no key
USAspending API
U.S. Department of the Treasury (Bureau of the Fiscal Service)
official statisticsINTG-IMPL, public_entities, nonprofitsdocumented api · no key
USITC DataWeb
U.S. International Trade Commission
official statisticsinternational_tradedocumented api · token
vintage-sensitive
IRS Statistics of Income & Form 990 data
Internal Revenue Service
official statisticspeople_households, nonprofitsofficial bulk · no key
SEC EDGAR APIs
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
official statisticsprivate_enterprisedocumented api · no key
CMS Data API (data.cms.gov)
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
official statisticspeople_households, public_entitiesdocumented api · no key
vintage-sensitive
OpenFEMA API
Federal Emergency Management Agency
official statisticspublic_entities, people_householdsdocumented api · no key
U.S. Department of Labor API
U.S. Department of Labor
official statisticspeople_households, private_enterprisedocumented api · registration key
vintage-sensitive
FRED API
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
official statisticsus_economydocumented api · api key
vintage-sensitive
U.S. Energy Information Administration API v2
U.S. Energy Information Administration
official statisticsus_economy, people_households, private_enterprisedocumented api · registration key
vintage-sensitive
HUD USER API
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (PD&R)
official statisticspeople_households, public_entitiesdocumented api · token

Retrieval preference#

The ingestion order prefers the most structured, official, reproducible access available; scraping is a last resort under terms, robots, rate limits, and legal review:

  1. Documented API.
  2. Official bulk download.
  3. RSS, sitemap, or other structured official feed.
  4. Stable structured HTML or document extraction.
  5. Scraping as a last resort — with terms, robots, rate limits, change monitoring, and legal review.

Official does not mean error-free: statistical products may be revised, so first-release and latest-vintage values are both retained where revision sensitivity matters, and the vintage actually used is cited.

Provenance follows W3C PROV-O and DCAT concepts: published score → aggregation run → estimate → analytic dataset → transformations → source distributions → authoritative decision and implementation records.

Machine-readable at GET /api/v1/sources (with ?origin=/?domain=/?tier= filters) or gii sources. The source-adapter framework that consumes these profiles is @gii/adapters; live ingestion follows once connectors and credentials are provisioned.